Hematology

Hematology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the blood and hematopoietic organs - red bone marrow, spleen, liver, lymph nodes.

Blood is a vital fluid, existing in blood vessels, with multiple roles. Blood is pumped from the heart through a system of vessels, represented by the circulatory system. Besides the role of carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues, and back to take carbon dioxide, of transport nutrients, it is responsible for the activities of the immune system, helping body to fight infections.

Blood is produced in the red bone marrow where which is inside the bone, bones representing the principal organ of hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis is the process of forming elements of blood cells in the bone marrow - erythrocytes (red blood cells) with a role in transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, leukocytes (white blood cells) with a role in immunity and blood clotting platelets.

Haematological diseases can be grouped into benign or malignant. Benign hematological disorders such as anemia, hemophilia, autoimmune thrombopenia, require a careful and lengthy observation and needs long-term treatment. Malignant hematologic disorders, are usually a sudden onset in full health condition rapidly evolving and undiagnosed at the time, can be fatal, such as acute leukemia. Oncological hematology is a branch of studying hematology malignancies - acute leukemias, lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative and more.

Haematologist specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders such as anemia (low red blood cell count), leucopenia (low white blood cell count), thrombopenia (low levels of platelets in the blood). Oncological hematology studies malignancies - acute leukemias, lymphomas, myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative and more.

Blood disease diagnosis often requires performing special maneuvers such as punctures and bone marrow biopsies, investigation and verification indispensable in confirming disease and treatment response.

Given the high incidence of hematological diseases at all ages, hematology became an area of great interest, as evidenced by the good progress made in recent years in shaping the diagnosis, prognosis and medical treatment.